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coli cell, the double-stranded λ DNA assumes a circular form, which can enter either the lytic cycle (as T phages do) or the lysogenic cycle (see Figure 6-19). In the latter case, proteins expressed from the viral DNA bind a particular sequence on the round viral DNA to a similar particular sequence on the circular bacterial DNA. The viral proteins then break both circular molecules of DNA and rejoin the broken ends, so that the viral DNA turns into inserted into the host DNA. The rigorously managed motion of viral genes maintains λ DNA as part of the hostchromosome by repressing the lytic functions of the phage. Under applicable stimulation, the λ prophage is activated and undergoes lytic replication.

Gov. Andrew Cuomo says New York City is shutting down its subway system each day from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. to extend cleansing of trains and stations